An Overview Of Biomedical Sciences Techniques Sciences Essay Example

An Overview Of Biomedical Sciences Techniques Sciences Essay Example An Overview Of Biomedical Sciences Techniques Sciences Essay An Overview Of Biomedical Sciences Techniques Sciences Essay A typical bacteria has a stiff cell wall and a thin, rubbery cell membrane environing the fluid, or cytol inside the cell. A bacteria contains all of the familial information needed to do transcripts of itself, its DNA in a construction called a chromosome. In add-on, it may hold excess loose spots of DNA called plasmids drifting in the cytol. Bacteria besides have ribosome s tools necessary for copying DNA so bacteriums can reproduce. Some have filamentous constructions called scourge that they use to travel. 3.The features of Bacteria Most Bacterias can devour things that are already dead. They decompose materials like caducous tegument, carcases, and works spots such as foliages. These do it by releasing digesting enzymes outside themselves onto the nutrient beginning. The bacterium so absorb merely what they need. Other bacteriums can photosynthesize. These include the blue-green algaes that produce O for our ambiance. Then there are the violet non-sulfur bacteriums that do both, photosynthesize and acquire their energy from organic compounds. Some symbiotic bacteriums help us digest the nutrient we consume. These good intestine vegetations provide us with indispensable foods like vitamin B1 A ; B6 which we can non do ourselves. Bacterias can clone themselves ; this is the manner in which they reproduce. Bacteria reproduces asexually and this is referred as Binary Fission ; this is when one good splits ( fission ) to give two ( binary ) cells. 4.The construction of Viruss The nucleic acid of a virion is enclosed within a protein coat, or mirid bug, composed of multiple transcripts of one protein or a few different proteins, each of which is encoded by a individual viral cistron. Because of this construction, a virus is able to encode all the information for doing a comparatively big mirid bug in a little figure of cistrons. This efficient usage of familial information is of import, since merely a limited sum of RNA or DNA, and hence a limited figure of cis trons, can suit into a virion mirid bug. A mirid bug plus the enclosed nucleic acid is called a nucleocapsid. 5.The features of Viruss A virus is really different compared to bacteria s and Fungi s ; it s basically a bringing mechanism for a spot of DNA or RNA. They re really, really little ; some can merely be seen under really powerful negatron micrographs. They ca nt reproduce on their ain. But they attach to one of your cells, and by utilizing those strands of Deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA, they reprogram these cells to do new transcripts of themselves and this straight disrupts the cell s usual map, and finally kills it. 8.The construction of Fungi Fungi s are eucaryotic bugs. A eucaryotic bug consists of a cardinal karyon and they are more complex and much larger than procaryotes. Funguss are composed of fragments of nucleic acid which is surrounded by protein coats. Fungi s have three basic signifiers ; cast, mushrooms and barm: although some Fungis may dwell of both signifier s. Casts are structured by filiform hyphae. A barm cell consists of a unit of ammunition or ellipse cells, they are by and large non consisted with a hyphae and they are non presented with a furred visual aspect. Hyphae s are fibrils of life substances. They are consisted of a karyon and cytol and a cell wall which is so composed of a chitin or cellulose. Funguss can be sexual or nonsexual reproduction. Budding is consisted to be nonsexual and spores are known to be sexual reproduction. 9.The features of Funguss There are two sorts of fungus: existent fungus and fungoids. Fungoids are beings that lead a similar life to that of fungus. Real Fungis are more similar to animate beings than to workss. They eat, they do nt photosynthesize like workss. They can be a individual cell like barms or have many cells like mushrooms. Funguss are the first to colonise a new district and they prepare the dirt for workss. They besides cut down or break up dead organic affair. Some are parasites and cause and some are simbionts ( lichens are formed by the interaction of a fungus and algae ) , and some live freely, Fungi s are besides specific in their action ; they ever infect a peculiar organ or being. Undertaking 2 ( M1 ) 1 )Hiv HIV ( Human immunodeficiency virus ) is a lentivirus ( which is a member of the retrovirus household ) that can take to AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ) , a status in worlds in which the immune system begins to neglect, taking to dangerous timeserving infections. HIV s beginning of infection is by genital spread. This is spread from organic structure fluids through sexual intercourse. Fortunately, the viruses do non last in air and are rapidly killed by hot H2O and detergent. They can merely be passed from individual to individual by direct contact between organic structure fluids, chiefly blood. The most common ways in which transmittal occurs are: during unprotected ( without utilizing rubbers ) homosexual or heterosexual intercourse. HIV can besides be transmitted to one and another by utilizing a acerate leaf for endovenous injection which has been used by an septic individual. It can besides be passed on by having contaminated blood merchandises, for illustration in t he intervention for hemophilia or during a blood transfusion. A foetus may be infected by its female parent, as the viruses can go through across the placenta. A babe can besides be infected during the procedure of birth or by its female parent s milk. When the virus enters the human organic structure it parasitizes really of import cells of the immune system called assistant T cells. The assistant T cells non merely help the slayer T cells to destruct viruses and malignant neoplastic diseases, but they besides help some B cells to bring forth antibodies. The immune system is badly disrupted if the HIV becomes active and harms the effectivity of their host cells. The chief symptoms of matured AIDS include the development of other diseases to which healthy people would rapidly develop unsusceptibility. 2 )Candida Albicans: Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that commonly causes infections. Candida albicans lives in the mucose membranes of the oral cavity, vaginal piece of land, and the bowels. Certain conditions such as gestation, unwritten contraceptive method, antibiotic usage, or a compromised immune system can do an giantism of Candida doing it an infection. The human organic structure contains a huge figure of different microorganisms, including Fungi, both on the interior and on the exterior. Some of these microorganisms are good. Others have no consequence until either there is a alteration in their nature or there is a lessening in the organic structure s opposition to them. This allows one type to turn overly and leads to an infection a fungous infection of the tegument. In rule, Candida albicans can infect all countries of the tegument every bit good as the mucose membranes but it prefers warm moist topographic points. Infections by Candida albicans, particularly the discrepancies that are found in the mucose membranes or the genitalias, are contagious. They can be spread from individual to individual by direct contact, by sexual contact and indirectly by moist towels or flannels. However, Candida albicans are capable of reproducing by unwritten thrush which appears in the oral cavity. This is when it is consisted of yellow like musca volitanss. When Candida albican enter the human organic structure it becomes aggressive and begins to occupy the circulatory system from where they can easy aim different parts of the organic structure. However, Candida albicans largely multiplies in the hot and humid status and hence the parts of the organic structure which remain moistnesss are more prone to acquire affected by its complication. Candida albicans are besides capable of giving out assorted types of toxins when they aim any organ worsening the status. 3 )Streptococcus This is a type of genus of a non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerophilic to facultatively anaerobic bacteriums which contains Gram-positive, ball-shaped or egg-shaped cells that occur in braces or in short or long ironss. Dextrorotatory lactic acid id the chief merchandise of carbohydrate agitation. These beings occur regurlarly in the oral cavity and bowels of worlds and other animate beings, in dairy and other nutrient merchandises, and in fermenting works juices. Some species are infective. The type species is streptococcus pyogenes. The beginnings of infection in this type of bacteriums exists around in salivary spread ( unwritten secernments ) , it can be spread by person-to-person contact or by exposure to sneezing and coughing. Keeping custodies can convey it if the septic individual has coughed or sneezed on his manus or wiped his oral cavity. Sharing nutrient, drinks and utensils can distribute it. It s on toothbrushes. Merely holding person talk at you is non likely to make i t as it requires more than insouciant contact of this kind. Snoging can sometimes do it but is less of an issue. This bacteria is located in the upper respiratory mucous secretion. Oral contact with person infected by streptococci is extremely contagious because the all right mist caused by the bacterium is adequate to distribute the bacteriums. 4 )Malarias Malaria is caused by a one-celled being, a protoctistan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. Malaria is spread by vector-borne disease, this means when they enter through blood suction or through consuming the fecal matters of the vector. This can so distribute from human to human by blood contact ( body fluids ) . the mosquito Acts of the Apostless as a vector, by conveying the parasite from one individual to another. When a bite is introduced into the blood by a female mosquito bite, the parasites multiply inside the liver cells before emerging to occupy and multiply inside the red blood cells ( ruddy blood cells ) . From so on, the parasites emerge from the red blood cells, let go ofing toxins in the blood, and it invades more red blood cells at regular intervals. The length of the rhythms varies with the species of Plasmodium. Every clip the toxins are released, the immune reactions of the organic structure which destroy them are accompanied by terrible febrilities. These febrilitie s with their turns of icinesss and workout suits can diminish in badness if the organic structure easy becomes immune to the toxins, and many people can transport malaria. 5 )Salmonella Salmonella is a type of bacteriums. It is normally found in domestic fowl, eggs, unrefined milk and in meat and H2O. It may besides be carried by pets like polo-necks and birds. Salmonella is a genus of bacillar Gram-negative enteric bacteria that causes typhoid febrility, paratyphoid and nutrient borne unwellness. Salmonella does non ferment lactose. It is motile in nature and produces H sulfide. Food borne unwellness or nutrient toxic condition is caused by devouring nutrient contaminated with infective bacteriums, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. Such taint normally arises from improper handling, readying or storage of nutrient. Food borne unwellness can besides be caused by adding pesticides or medical specialties to nutrient, or devouring or by by chance devouring of course toxicant substances like toxicant mushrooms or reef fish. Contact between nutrient and plagues, particularly flies, gnawers and cockroaches, is a farther cause of taint of nutrient S. typhi is a serovar of Salmonella. It causes the disease enteric fever febrility. The being can be transmitted by the faecal-oral path it is excreted by worlds in fecal matters and may be transmitted by contaminated H2O, nutrient, or by individual to individual contact ( with unequal attending to personal hygiene ) . The encephalon senses that there is a bacterial entry of streptococci in your organic structure. It so sends its ain bacteriums to contend it via blood watercourse, but a batch of the clip it does non possess the proper bacteriums and the organic structure is invaded and overtaken by the new bacteriums which so allows it to go through the blood stream shortly impacting all parts of the organic structure. 6 )Human Pappiloma Virus HPV is one of the most common sexually familial diseases. If a adult male or adult females are sexually active, it is likely they will get with HPV at some point in their lives. There are over 100 types of HPV but merely 13 of them are known to do malignant neoplastic disease. The others are harmless or do venereal warts. HPV can do cervical malignant neoplastic disease ; this is a malignant neoplastic disease of the neck which is the entryway to the uterus. HPV infects the cells of the surface of the neck where it can remain for many old ages without you cognizing. The HPV virus can damage these cells taking to alterations in their visual aspect. Over clip, these alterations can develop into cervical malignant neoplastic disease. In most instances Genital warts are transmitted through anal, venereal or unwritten sex with a individual infected with HPV. A individual who s had sexual contact with an septic individual can develop a venereal wart about three months after initial contac t. Poor hygiene can besides be a factor in developing venereal warts. Besides, unprotected sex with a figure of spouses. Undertaking 3 ( D1 ) Gram-positive bacteriums are classified as bacteriums that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram discoloration procedure. Gram-positive bacteriums will look bluish or violet under a microscope, whereas Gram-negative bacteriums will look ruddy or tap. The difference in categorization is mostly based on a difference in the bacterium s cell wall construction. The undermentioned features are by and large present in a Gram-positive bacteria: a really thick cell wall ( peptidoglycan ) . If a scourge is present, it contains two rings for support. Teichoic acids are present, which serve to move as chelating agents, and besides for certain types of attachment Many species of Gram-negative bacteriums are infective, intending they can do disease in a host being. This infective ability is normally associated with certain constituents of Gram-negative cell walls. The undermentioned features are displayed by Gram-negative bacteriums: the cell walls merely incorporate a few beds of peptidogly can. Cells are surrounded by an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide outside the peptidoglycan bed. Porins exist in the outer membrane, which act like pores for peculiar molecules. There is a infinite between the beds of peptidoglycan and the secondary cell membrane called the periplasmic infinite. The S-layer is straight attached to the outer membrane, instead than the peptidoglycan. If present, scourge have four back uping rings alternatively of two. Lipoproteins are attached to the polyose anchor whereas in Gram-positive bacterium no lipoproteins are present In out experiment for antiseptic techniques we used Bacillus Subtilus and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacteria, they largely found in the lower bowel of warm blooded animate beings. Bacillus subtilus is a gram positive bacteria which is normally found in dirt. To reason, E.coli was killed off by bleach because e.coli contains a subtance which can be killed off by bleach. Bacillus Subtilis was affecte d by the faery liquid because faery liquid contains a strong substance which defeats the elements that bacillus subtilius contains. Bibliography hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/CellStructure.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi? rid=mcb.section.1408 I besides used notes which I wrote in category hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_albicans A2 Level Biology Published by Coordination Group Publications Page 122 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/HPV hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthscout.com/ency/68/384/main.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/salmonella.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amm.co.uk/files/factsabout/fa_salm.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Eubacteria.html

Does leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented Essay

Does leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented - Essay Example s of organizational change with special reference to the change models of Lewin and Kotter, the importance of various leadership styles and how they effect organizational changes and focuses on the other factors that facilitate organizational changes. The methodology section of the paper makes use of the qualitative approach and the research design consists of the leadership style survey of Lewin which was conducted among the managers and CEOs of various organizations and a direct interview specially designed for the employees who served in various organizations. .The major themes derived out of the survey and the interviews are elaborately discussed and analyzed in Chapter 4. The conclusions of the study show that leadership styles do affect how organizational change is implemented and prove that it is the democratic or participative approach to leadership style that best suits during organizational changes. The results of the study are equally beneficial to the managers as well as the work force in the whole of management scenario. The following chapter details the aim of this research project and gives an insight into the concepts of organizational change, leadership styles and how leadership styles affect how organizational changes are implemented. An overview of the topic as well as the justification for the topic is also dealt with. . The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the correlation between various leadership styles and how organisational change is implemented under each of them. Therefore, the general research question is, â€Å"Does leadership style effect how organisational change is implemented?† The paper also tries to explore how different leadership styles de-motivate or motivate staff, and how employees respond to organizational changes under various leadership styles. The primary purpose of the paper is to identify which of the leadership styles best suit organizations during organizational change. The research topic is organizational

You can choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

You can choose - Essay Example My rigorous academic training at the University and work experience makes me an asset worth your consideration. I am well conversant with IT and database management tools like Ms Excel and Access, as well as Accounting software like QuickBooks, Oracle.Being a hardworking, autonomous and self -driven team player, I will gladly bring along a wealth of knowledge that will definitely add value to your organization. I would change my resume to reflect that I have done at least one of the professional courses listed on the job description such as CPA or CMA. Also I would indicate that I have worked in an environment where I accustomed myself with the statutory accounting principles as an added advantage. Finally, I would have reflected on my resume that I have high analytical and interpretation skills of various financial statements. I will initially search the company’s profile from the internet and check if there are any information regarding their value or culture from the company’s vision and mission statement. I will then personally visit the company and ask their employees a few questions regarding personality traits encouraged in the company. Also, I will ask the employees about the rate of employee turnover in the company as well as existence of employee achievements’ recognition

Case Study: Britannia Industries

Case Study: Britannia Industries In 2007, Britannia, one of the Indias largest biscuit brands held a market share of 38% in terms of value. Indian biscuit industry, the third largest producer of the biscuits in the world was highly under-penetrated. This presented numerous growth opportunities to new as well as existing players. Apart from the presence of big players like ITC Foods and Parle, the local manufacturers of biscuits and other Indian snacks had been raising concerns for Britannia. Besides competition, Britannia faced critical challenges due to declining margins in the biscuit industry due to the increasing costs of raw materials. Its profit had been on a decline since 2005. Though Britannia had forayed into dairy and bakery products, 90% of its revenues still came from its core business in biscuits category which was largely driven by product innovation. (www.ibscds.com) A Britannia industry limited is successful Indian company since 1892, started in India with initial investment of Rs.295. this company is very well known for its biscuits (Britannia Tiger). Britannia is one of the largest biscuits selling company and leading biscuit firm of India with estimated 38% market share. (www.britannia.co.in) In 1997, Britannia jumped into dairy product market with its two new products (Processed Cheese Dairy Whitener), In 2002, Britannias New Business Division namely Britannia Milkman formed a joint venture with Fonterra, the worlds second largest Dairy Company, and Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd. was born. (www.wadiagroup.com) The company is a growing and profitable one. Between 1998 and 2001, the companys sales grew at a compound annual rate of 16 per cent against the market, and operating profits reached 18 per cent. More recently, the company has been growing at 27 per cent a year, compared to the industrys growth rate of 20 per cent. At present, 90 per cent of Britannias annual revenue of Rs2,200 crore comes from biscuits. (www.wikipidia.com) and Dairy Product gives almost 10% revenue to Britannia. N.P.I. approach Britannia Dairy Products targets specially in urban areas of the country. It is less popular in rural areas and rarely available. They believe to sell quality products thats why they have slogan Eat Healthy, Think Better because the one common threat emerged in recent times has been shift in lifestyles and a corresponding awareness of health. People are increasingly becoming conscious of dietary care. They targeted in urban area because their products are little bit expensive than their competitive products but with good quality and wide range of products, with their products more of the upper middle class families targeted, especially those are food loving and want healthy, so they give healthy, nutritious, optimistic and combining it with a delightful product range to offer verity and choice to consumers. The above products present the approach that has been adopted in order to introduce and manufacture the different verity. Britannia generates $722.55 million revenue this year (2009-10). Britannia dairy firm was de-licensed in 1991 with given a reasons to encourage private investment and flow of capital and new technology in the segment. MMPO (Milk and Milk Products Order) regulates milk and milk products production in country. this was like there was no permission to handle more than 10,000 to 75,000 litres of liquid milk par day or solid milk up to 500 tonnes per annum this license was given by the state government but they were handling more than75,000 litres of liquid milk and 500 to 3750 tonnes of solid milk per year, so the firm had to registered with the central government. (www.aavinmilk.com) Britannia New Zealand Food Pvt Ltd was trying to pay attention on cheese product to expand their market because at that time in India this was at its worst condition with 5% only. Where the joint venture company already cornered with 45% of 450 crore. In the cheese market this was the rapid growth they seen before, because last year this was growing with 5% but now this is growing with 12%. The market of cheese in India is estimated at almost 9000 tonnes and is rapidly increasing with 15% per year, because cheese is mainly used in cities or in metro cities. This shows that only in four main metro cities cheese consume more than 50% of consumption. They have got a very tough competition with their other business rivals amul, Dabon international, vijaya this was creating competition tougher day by day. But Britannia was having their own customers with pride. Britannia has faced this threat reasonably well over the past one year, without a visible impact on its financial performance. The proposed foray by Nestle India and Hindustan Lever into confectionery and dairy products. Business strategy (2007-08) Britannia strategy is simple to get more people to buy enjoy more of their brands anytime, anywhere everyday. Britannias performance in 2007-08 was strong, with a sales growth 17.5 per cent, besides a 27.5 per cent growth in the previous year, adding Rs 800 crore of incremental revenue during this period (total revenue for 2007-08 was Rs 2,617 crore). Britannia is among the fastest growing FMCG companies in the last two years. Its net profit increased by 77.5 per cent and operating margin by 307 basis points to 7.5 per cent in 2007-08, despite inflation in key commodities by 20-25 per cent in the last two years. In a survey conducted by AC Nielsen ORG-Marg, consumers voted brand Britannia among the Top 10 most trusted brands across categories for the fifth successive year. It was also rated as the second most trusted food brand in 2008 and first in 2007. It was rated as the seventh most trusted brand across all categories in 2008. Consistent with its credo of swasth khao, tan man jagao, Britannia created a partnership with Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Naandi Foundation to supply iron fortified Tiger biscuits to supplement the mid-day meal programme in schools. This has been recognised as a unique programme globally by GAIN. The World Bank Institute has written a case study and Britannia was invited to make a commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative, a non-partisan catalyst for action that brings together a community of global leaders to devise and implement solutions for some of the worlds pressing challenges like nutrition. (www.alibaba.com)

Book Critique on The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

Dorothy lives in Kansas with her aunt, uncle, and dog, Toto. The entire house is swept away by a tornado from Kansas to the bright Land of Oz. She is met by the Munchkins and the Good Witch of the North. They are very happy because Dorothy’s house smashed the Wicked Witch of the East. The Good Witch gives Dorothy the dead witch's silver shoes. The only thing on Dorothy’s mind is getting back to Kansas, so the Witch of the East helps. Dorothy is sent down the yellow brick road to the City of Emeralds. Once she gets to the City of Emeralds, she is supposed to meet the Wizard of Oz, who should be able to help her get home. Along the journey, she meets the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion. Her three friends all have a need they would like to request from the Wizard. They continue their journey along the road. They encounter many adventures before and after visiting the Wizard. Once they all reach the Wizard of Oz, he sends them on a quest to kill the Wicked Witch of the West. Once they kill the Wicked Witch of the West, he will grant all of their wishes. In the end, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion accomplish a great role. They each are granted leadership of three different lands of Oz. The Scarecrow becomes the ruler of Emerald City, the Tin Woodman gets control over the former Wicked Witch of the West's domain, and the Lion is head over the animals in the woods. Glinda, the Good Witch of the South, shows Dorothy how to get home. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz begins in dark Kansas, and it quickly changes to the bright and colorful area of the Land of Oz. The things that happened in Kansas occurred in the late nineteenth century. This book is a political allegory. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz makes references to the following things in history: The Gilded Age, the Panic of 1893, Coxey’s Army, and the 1896 Election. Lyman Frank Baum wrote the Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In the Introduction to The Wizard of Oz, L. Frank Baum described healthy children as instinctively loving â€Å"fantastic, marvelous and manifestly unreal† stories. Baum wanted his stories to have a moral, and he liked the fairy tale format. He disagreed with the â€Å"heart-aches and nightmares† that their â€Å"horrible and bloodcurdling† events could bring on in children. Baum decided to modernize and update the fairy tale by combining moral with entertainment, â€Å"wonderment and joy. † Lyman Baum did not have a definite viewpoint. He wanted to entertain children with stories that had a moral and a point. He wrote the Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a fairytale political allegory, for example the yellow brick road represents the gold standard, and the silver shoes represent the sixteen to one silver ratio, and so on. This is a fictional book based on historical non fictional information. Baum represents the time period by the metaphors he uses throughout the book, like things referring to the Panic of 1893 and election of 1896. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz can teach many people about history. The book is in fairy tale style, but it has historical facts and references throughout the story. It definitely be applied to history, since it was written about history. For example, the Wicked Witch of the West refers to the actual west. Baum published this book in 1900, which is the time period that it deals with. The parts of the book about the yellow brick road will be stuck in my mind. I find this part very fascinating, because it refers to the demand for gold and the standards that were set for gold. The reason it will be in my mind is because once I read the book again, in the perspective of US History, I saw how everything was a metaphor for something in history. This amazes me, and the author was very creative to create a story so brilliantly planned. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz definitely helped me connect history to this fairy tale style of hidden history. This book is a classic because it brings history in a childhood favorite fairy tale book.

The Case of Barnes and Noble Bookstores

This paper will analyse the current stock performance of Barnes and Noble Bookstores which are based in New York. The company, which started more than a century ago started out as a printing press and turned out to be one of the largest bookstores in the world. Tracking the company’s stock price performance in the New York Stock Exchange in a five-day period from August 6 up to August 10 for the current year as well as providing a forecast for its future performance can be attributed with several factors.One of the factors that affect the stock price performance of the company is the internal decisions that guide the company. Currently, under Steve Riggio’s term as CEO, the stock price of the company at NYSE has already soared to its current level of 30+- barrier through a lot of innovative as well as daring in-store offerings. In 2007, all of the Barnes and Noble Bookstores in the United States totalled to about 840 in all with average store openings of 30 to 40 every year. The stock price of Barnes and Noble has also been affected by the modern comfort offerings within all its stores which have Wi-Fi connections with modest separate fees.The Barnes and Noble stores also have the cafe offerings such as Starbucks coffee which greatly provides convenience to its customers. This could probably be one of the reasons why the company has been enjoying a modest growth for the past years. In 2006, revenues for Barnes and Noble and its subsidiaries reached $5. 3 billion USD. It could then be said that the modern as well as cosmopolitan outlook of the bookstore company would keep its stock prices as well as revenues up or the next couple of years or so.That is also according to the current figures provided by the company’s solid 57,000 employees as of the 1st quarter of 2007. Explaining how these internal factors could affect the fate of Barnes and Noble stock prices, it would have to be attributed to the image that the company projects towards thei r customers as well as their investors. The offerings are the company’s way of differentiating themselves from other conventional bookstores in the book retail industry.And with a market as volatile as that of the United States, market differentiation is really important for Barnes and Noble to win market shares as well as investors who would finance their planned expansions in the future. This would have to be coupled by other aggressive marketing strategies for their books as well as other future offerings which investors will dig out as good investments. External Influences Another important aspect in determining the future stock price performance of Barnes and Noble in the New York Stock Exchange are the external factors or those that are way beyond the control of the company.External factors may include the over-all performance of the retail industry, the situation of the US Stock markets as well as regional markets which may affect the company such their source of raw m aterials as well as major retail subsidiaries. In this case of Barnes and Noble, it can be said that the popular bookstore’s stock performance may be at the mercy of the bearish US stock market which as Ben Bernanke announced, could lead to a slight slowdown in the US economy as the US real estate draws to a halt.This could greatly affect Barnes and Noble which attributes most of its profits from high consumer spending. If and then the US economy would in fact be slowing down, the bookstore will experience a hard time making customers come back and purchase reading materials. Although the bookstore has offerings which may still entice customers to come back without even buying a book or a magazine, this situation could still greatly affect the performance of not only the bookstore’s stock price performance but for most American companies as well.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 884 Words

According Canadian public health agency (2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDS is a dangerous disease that has by now killed more than 20 million people across the world. Basing on the report released by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS, no cure for AIDS has been established to date, and currently there is no vaccine against HIV and AIDS infection. This paper therefore discusses the biology of HIV and AIDS, Back ground, modes of infection, clinical consequences, current research, preventive and modes of transmiss ion, and diagnostic procedures specifically in N.America. Background of HIV and AIDS AIDS was initially reported on 5th June, 1981 in United States when CDC (Center for Disease Control) recorded a collection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 5 gay men in Los Angeles. Initially, CDC never had a formal name for the disease, frequently terming it with respect to the diseases that were identified with it, for instance, lymphadenopathy, after which the HIV discoverers named it the virus. They asShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead M oreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sharing needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infectionsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1499 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a deadly retrovirus that can progress into AIDS. The progression of HIV has become rapid worldwide over the last few decades. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. The dental hygienist will play an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without